What is cardiac output? What is the normal value of cardiac index?What is the normal value of cardiac index? What is the normal value of cardiac index? What is the normal value of cardiac index?

Cardiac output (C.O.) can be defined as the amount of blood that is pumped out by the ventricles during the ventricular contraction. i.e., the amount of blood pumped out by the heart in the pulmonary and systematic circulation at a particular time. In a healthy adult individual, the cardiac output is about 5-6 litres/minute. C a r d i a c O u t p u t = S t r o k e V o l u m e × H e a r t R a t e C . O = 70 × 72 = 5040 m l /min

What is Starling’s law? What is the normal value of cardiac index?What is the normal value of cardiac index? What is the normal value of cardiac index? What is the normal value of cardiac index?

The strength of the myocardial contraction depends on the initial length of the cardiac muscles, the supply of oxygen, nutrients, and the duration of the diastole of the ventricles. Frank-Starling law of heart explains that if the initial length of the muscle is greater, then the contraction of that muscle will be stronger. Since strong myocardial contraction enhances the stroke volume thus, the cardiac output is directly proportional to the force of contraction of the heart.

What is Marey’s law? What is the normal value of cardiac index?What is the normal value of cardiac index? What is the normal value of cardiac index? What is the normal value of cardiac index?

Marey's law states that an increase in blood pressure changes the heart rate. According to this law, the heart rate varies inversely with arterial blood pressure. Thus, a rise or fall in arterial blood pressure slows down or speed up the activity of heart.