What is esterification reaction? Also write its equation.

When primary alcohol is treated with a carboxylic acid in the presence of sulphuric acid a compound is formed. This compound has a sweet smell. The compound obtained is called an ester. The chemical reaction occurring in the formation of the ester is known as an esterification reaction. CH 3 COOH + C 2 H 5 OH → conc . H 2 SO 4 CH 3 COOC 2 H 5 + H 2 O Acetic acid Ethanol Ethyl ethanoate ( Ester )

Explain the cleaning process of soap and detergent.

In water, the soap molecule is uniquely oriented which helps to keep the hydrocarbon part outside the water. When the clusters of molecules are formed then hydrophobic tail comes at the interior of the cluster and the ionic end comes at the surface of the cluster and this formation is called a micelle. When the soap is in the form of micelles then it has the ability to clean the oily dirt which gets accumulated at the centre. These micelles remain as colloidal solutions. Therefore, the dirt from the cloth is easily washed away.

Write preparation of ethanoic acid with chemical equation and also two uses of ethanoic acid.

Most acetic acid is produced by methanol carbonylation. In this process, methanol and carbon monoxide react to produce acetic acid according to the equation: H 3 C - OH + CO → catalyst Uses: 1. Commercially it is used in the manufacturing of esters, vinegar, and many polymeric materials. 2. Vinegar has been shown to reduce high concentrations of blood sugar in our body.

Write four properties of methane.

1. Methane is colourless, odourless gas that occurs abundantly in nature. 2. Methane is lighter than air, having a specific gravity of 0.554. 3. It is only slightly soluble in water. 4. It burns readily in the air, forming carbon dioxide and water vapour. C 2 H 4 + 2 O 2 → CO 2 + 2 H 2 O