What was a 'tanab' in the MughaI period?

The Mughals

The Mughals are said to be the hybrid of Turk and Mongol. After the decline of the Delhi Sultanate, the Mughals were the new power to ruler over entire India. The dynasty was established by Babur, followed by Humayun, Akbar, Jahangir, Sah Jahan, Aurangzeb, and the later Mughals.

Major Mughal rulers and their achievements

1. Babur(1526-1530)

(i) Defeated Ibrahim Lodi in the First Battle of Panipat 1526 and led the foundation of the Mughal Empire.

(ii) The major battles fought by include-

(iii) 1st Battle of Panipat- 1526- Against Ibrahim Lodi.

(iv) Battle of Khanwa-1527-Against Rana Shanga.

(v) Battle of Chanderi-1528- Against Medini Rai.

(vi) His autobiography is Tuzuk-e-Babri in the Turkish language and its Persian translation is ‘Baburnama’.

2. Humayun((1530-1540, 1555-56)

(i) He was defeated by Sher Shah Suri in the Battle of Chausa 1539 and Battle of Bilgram 1540 respectively.

(ii) Gulbadan Begum wrote his biography under the name ‘Humayun Nama’.

3. Akbar(1556-1605)

(i) Got the throne at the mere age of 13 and a half years and was assisted by Bairam Khan during the initial governance.

(ii) Major battles include-

(iii) 2nd Battle of Panipat-1556- Against Hemu.

(iv) The victory of Malwa- 1561- Against Baj Bahadur.

(v) The victory of Gondwana- 1564- against Rani Durgawati.

(vi) Battle of Haldighati- 1576- Against Maharana Pratap.

(vii) Battle of Mewar-1567- Against Udai Singh.

(viii) Major reforms brought by him include- Dah Bisti system, the Ain-i-Dahsala system, the abolishment of Jizya(1564), Zabti System.

4. Jahangir(1605-1627)

(i) He was called Sekhobaba and Salim and got married to Noor Jahan.

(ii) He was the only Mughal ruler to have constructed his own tomb.

(iii) He was the lover of Justice and set up the chain of Justice.

(iv) The victory of Kandhar-1606-07.

(v) Accord to Mewar- 1616-17.

(vi) Assassinated Sikh Guru Arjan Dev.

5. Shah Jahan(1628-1658)

(i) His period is said to the golden period of Mughal Art.

(ii) Got constructed Taj mahal, Jama Masjid, Red Fort.

(iii) Made expedition against Portuguese in 1632.

(iv) Signed Treaty of Ahmednagar in 1636.

6. Aurangzeb(1658-1707)

(i) Major achievements include-

(ii) The victory of Assam-1661-70.

(iii) The victory of Golconda, Bijapur.

(iv) Assassinated the Sikh guru -Guru Teg Bahadur.