Which of the following was not one of the recommendations contained in the Nehru Report (1928)?

Civil Disobedience Movement

1. Background

i. The formation of the Simon Commission to study the conditions of the colonial rule in India was met with widespread criticism. There was no representation of Indians in the commission and no mechanism for consultation was given clearly.

ii. Various demands for administrative reforms were not accepted by the British government.

iii. The demand for dominion status was also rejected by the British.

iv. The British government increased the repressive acts of arrests and targetted activists and social revolutionaries.

v. Gandhiji gave an ultimatum to the British government and presented to it eleven major demands including reforms of the Criminal Investigation Department (CID), reduction in land revenue tax, and abolition of salt tax and British monopoly over salt.

vi. In 1929, a Congress session was held at Lahore which was presided over by Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru.

vii. In the Lahore session the demand for ‘Purna Swaraj’ or complete independence was adopted.

viii. It was also decided that the civil disobedience movement would start under the leadership of Mahatma Gandhi.

2. Civil Disobedience is the rejection of laws that are oppressive or unfair. 
3. Mahatma Gandhi chose salt to be the central theme of his movement.
4. Gandhiji said, “I regard this tax to be the most iniquitous of all from the poor man’s standpoint. As the Independence movement is essentially for the poorest in the land, the beginning will be made with this evil”.
5. He started the Dandi march and mobilized thousands of people along the way. After reaching Dandi he broke the law by making salt.
6. Many other leaders also broke the salt law in various parts of the country. For example, C. Rajagopalachari in Madras and K.Kelappan in Malabar.
7. Civil disobedience movement also involved other forms of non-violent resistance. They include:

i. In Gujarat, a no-tax movement took place against payment of land revenue. In Kheda, this movement was led by Sardar Patel.

ii. Defiance of forest laws took place in places with large forest areas like Central Provinces, Maharashtra etc. This was mainly led by the tribal population.

iii. Khan Abdul Gaffar Khan lead a group of non-violent revolutionaries, the Khudai Khidmatgars, popularly knowns as the Red Shirts in the North West Frontier Province.

iv.  A no-revenue, no-rent campaign was organized against the government in the United Provinces, which was led mainly by Jawaharlal Nehru.

v. Rani Gaidinliu of Nagaland led the revolt against the colonial power and was captured and sentenced to life imprisonment.

vi. Women picketed liquor shops and stores selling foreign clothes.

vii. Prabhat Pheris, Patrikas etc., were popularized during the civil disobedience movement.

viii. Peasants paid significantly less amount as tax, as a part of this movement. The government came down heavily on the peasants. The rise of young militants was the after-effect of this repressive action.

8. The mobilization of urban youth, women and peasants under the common symbol of salt was the most significant aspect of the civil disobedience movement.