Give the advantages of the electrolytic refining process.

The advantages of the electrolytic refining process are as follows: (i) Electrolytic refining process can provide a particularly high purity of end product material. (ii) They are designed to handle a wide variation in the quality of the base scrap

Name the process of obtaining pure metal from an impure metal through electrolysis. If you have to refine copper using this process, mention the materials used as (i) anode, (ii) cathode and (iii) electrolyte.

The process of obtaining pure metal from an impure metal through electrolysis is named as electrolytic refining method. By the process of electrolysis pure metals such as gold, silver, etc. can be obtained. On passing electric current, impure copper from the anode dissolves and goes into copper sulphate solution, i.e. electrolyte in this reaction and pure copper from copper sulphate deposits on the cathode. Thus, pure copper metal is produced on the cathode.

Explain the froth floatation process with a neat labelled diagram.

The froth floatation method is a method used for the concentration of metal ores. It is used for the concentration of sulphide ores. In this technique, particles of interest are physically separated from a liquid phase as a result of differences in the ability of air bubbles to selectively adhere to the surface of the particles, based upon their hydrophobicity. The principle of froth floatation is that sulphide ores are preferentially wetted by pine oil, whereas the gangue particles are wetted by water.

What is the concentration of ore?

The process of removing the gangue particles and other impurities from the ore is known as the concentration of the ore. The separation of required material from the ore is dependent on the differences in the physical properties of the compound of the metal present and that of the gangue.

Draw a geometric diagram for the formation of MgCl 2 from magnesium and chlorine by transfer of electrons.

The geometric diagram for the formation of MgCl 2 from magnesium and chlorine by the transfer of electrons is as follows: Magnesium reacts with chlorine gas to form magnesium chloride. MgCl 2 is an ionic compound formed by the transfer of electrons from electron-rich to electron-deficient species. The atomic number of magnesium is 12 . Hence, an electronic configuration is 2 , 8 , 2 . It contain 2 valence electrons. It loses two electrons to form magnesium ions i.e. Mg 2 + = 2 , 8 . The atomic number of Chlorine Cl atom is 17 . The electronic configuration is : 2 , 8 , 7 . It contains 7 valence electrons. It gains one electron to form a chloride ion. Cl - = 2 , 8 , 8 .