How the following conversion can be carried out: Diphenyl from Chlorobenzene

Two moles of sodium reacts with chlorobenzene in presence of ether to form diphenyl. This is called Fittig reaction. The reaction for the formation of diphenyl from chlorobenzene is as follows:

How the following conversion can be carried out: D.D.T. from Chlorobenzene

Chlorobenzene reacts with chloral in the presence of concentrated solution of sulphuric acid to produce Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT). We can write chemical reaction as,

Match the following: (a) Allyl chloride (1) CH 2 = CHCl (b) Benzyl chloride (2) CCl 2 F 2 (c) Vinyl chloride (3) CH 2 - CHCH 2 Cl (d) Freon (4) C 6 H 5 CH 2 Cl

Allyl chloride is an Allylic halide. Allylic halides are the compounds in which the halogen atom is bonded to an sp 3 - hybridised carbon atom adjacent to a carbon-carbon double bond ( C = C ) i.e. to an allylic carbon. The structure of Allyl chloride is CH 2 = CHCH 2 Cl . Benzyl chloride is a Benzylic halide with the chemical formula C 6 H 5 CH 2 Cl . These are the compounds in which the halogen atom is bonded to an sp 3 - hybridised carbon atom attached to an aromatic ring. Vinyl chloride is an example of Vinylic halide with the chemical formula CH 2 = CHCl . These are the compounds in which the halogen atom is bonded to a sp 2 - hybridised carbon atom of a carbon-carbon double bond ( C = C ) . The chlorofluorocarbon compounds of methane and ethane are collectively known as freons. They are extremely stable, unreactive, non-toxic, non-corrosive and easily liquefiable gases. Freon 12 CCl 2 F 2 is one of the most common freons in industrial use. It is manufactured from tetrachloromethane by Swarts reaction. (a) Allyl chloride (3) CH 2 - CHCH 2 Cl (b) Benzyl chloride (4) C 6 H 5 CH 2 Cl (c) Vinyl chloride (1) CH 2 = CHCl (d) Freon (2) CCl 2 F 2

Write the following reactions with chemical equation - Wurtz reaction.

In Wurtz reaction, alkyl halides on treatment with sodium in dry ether gives higher alkanes, preferably containing even number of carbon atoms. 2 CH 3 Br Bromomethane + 2 Na → dry ether CH 3 - CH 3 Ethane + 2 NaBr

Write the following reaction with chemical equation: Friedel Crafts reaction.

A Friedel-Crafts reaction is an organic coupling reaction involving an electrophilic aromatic substitution. It is used for attaching substituents to aromatic rings. The two primary types of Friedel-Crafts reactions are the alkylation and acylation reactions. The alkylation reaction is given below:

Give the uses of Freon 12 and chloroform.

Uses of Freon -12 Freon-12 (dichlorodifluoromethane, C F 2 C I 2 ) is commonly known as CFC. It is used as a refrigerant in refrigerators and air conditioners. It is also used in aerosol spray propellants such as body sprays, hair sprays, etc. However, it damages the ozone layer. Hence, its manufacture was banned in the United States and many other countries in 1994. Uses of chloroform CHCl 3 : i) It can be used as an anaesthetic in surgery. In the preservation of anatomical species. ii) It is used to prepare chlorofluoromethane, a freon refrigerant. iii) Used as a solvent for fats, waxes, rubber and resins. In the preparation of a drug chloretone and an insecticide chloropicrin.

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EMBIBE CHAPTER WISE PREVIOUS YEAR PAPERS FOR CHEMISTRY>Chapter -1 - Haloalkanes and Haloarenes>Uttarakhand Board-2018>Q 1

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Why chloroform is stored in completely filled dark coloured bottles? Explain with suitable chemical equation.

Chapter-Wise 3D Chemistry Videos from Embibe Experts EMBIBE CHAPTER WISE PREVIOUS YEAR PAPERS FOR CHEMISTRY

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Polyhalogen Compounds and Their Uses

Polyhalogen compounds are carbon compounds containing more than one halogen atom. It has different types of compounds which have different uses.

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Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions of Haloarenes

This video explains that haloarenes do not undergo nucleophilic substitution reactions under normal conditions and the various reasons for this non-reactivity.

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Mechanism of Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions

Learn about the chemical reactions of haloalkanes. It differentiates between SN1 and SN2 reaction mechanisms; study the reactants' role in the rate of the re...

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