Name: de-Broglie Hypothesis
Uploaded: 2019-07-19
Duration: 4 min 29 s
Description: There is a longstanding debate as to whether light is a wave or a particle. It is not limited to light. What about humans? Let us explore the logic of De Bro...

Question

Write notes on shapes of s, p, d orbitals.

Accepted Answer

$s$ -orbitals. For an $s$ -subshell, $l = 0$ and $m$ is also zero. It means that $s$ -subshell has no related orbital. Hence, $s$ -electron is identical in all directions from the nucleus. Thus, $s$ -orbital is non-directional and is spherically symmetrical in shape.

The $p$ -orbital which lies on the $x$ -axis is known as $P_{x}$ orbital. The $p$ -orbital which lies on the $y$ -axis is known as $p_{y}$ orbital. The $p$ -orbital which lies on the $z$ -axis is known as $P_{z}$ orbital. Each $p$ -orbital has two lobes that are arranged like a dumb bell so, the shape of $p$ –orbital is dumb bell. So, the shape of $p$ -orbital is dumb-Bell.

The $d -$ orbital is a clover shape because the electron is pushed out four times during the rotation when an opposite spin proton aligns gluons with three spin-aligned protons.

The magnetic orbital quantum number for $d -$ orbitals is given as $(- 2, - 1, 0, 1, 2)$ . Hence, we can say that there are five $d -$ orbitals.

These orbitals are designated as $d_{xy}, d_{yz}, d_{xz}, d_{x^{2} - y^{2}}$ and $d_{z^{2}}$ .

Out of these five $d -$ orbitals, shapes of the first four $d -$ orbitals are similar to each other, which is different from the $d_{z^{2}}$ orbital whereas the energy of all five $d -$ orbitals is the same.

Write notes on shapes of s, p, d orbitals.

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