In each of the experiments below, a piece of metal is placed in a solution of a metal salt. Complete the table of observations. At start Colour of metal grey _____ silver-coloured silver-coloured _____ Colour of solution colourless _____ blue blue colourless At finish Colour of metal coated with silver coloured crystals _____ coated with brown solid silver-coloured coated with silver-coloured crystals Colour of solution colourless _____ colourless blue _____

The reactive metals when dipped in the solutions of the less reactive metals, they undergo a displacement reaction. Zinc is a grey coloured metal which is more reactive than tin and hence, it replaces it from tin chloride solution. Tin gets deposited on zinc as a silver coloured metal and leaving the solution colourless due to the formation of zinc chloride. Zinc is a grey coloured metal which is more reactive than copper and hence, it replaces it from copper sulphate solution. Copper gets deposited on zinc as a brown coloured metal and leaving the solution colourless due to the formation of zinc sulphate. Tin is a silver coloured metal which is more reactive than copper and hence, it replaces it from copper sulphate solution. Copper gets deposited on tin as a brown coloured metal and leaving the solution colourless due to the formation of tin sulphate. Silver is a silver coloured metal which is less reactive than copper and hence, it does not displace it from copper sulphate solution. Therefore, the colour of the solution and the metal remain intact and no changes can be observed. Copper is a brown coloured metal which is more reactive than silver and hence, it replaces it from silver nitrate solution. Copper gets deposited on silver as a brown coating and leaving the solution blue due to the formation of copper nitrate. At start Colour of metal grey grey silver-coloured silver-coloured brown Colour of solution colourless blue blue blue colourless At finish Colour of metal Coated with silver coloured crystals Coated with brown solid Coated with brown solid silver-coloured Coated with silver-coloured crystals Colour of solution colourless colourless colourless blue blue

In each of the experiments below, a piece of metal is placed in a solution of a metal salt. The observation table is shown below: At start Colour of metal grey grey silver-coloured silver-coloured brown Colour of solution colourless blue blue blue colourless At finish Colour of metal Coated with silver coloured crystals Coated with brown solid Coated with brown solid silver-coloured Coated with silver-coloured crystals Colour of solution colourless colourless colourless blue blue Use these results to place the metals copper, silver, tin and zinc in order of the reactivity (putting the most reactive metal first).

Since, no reaction takes place when silver is dipped in copper sulphate solution. Hence, the reactivity of Cu > Ag . Since, zinc displaces tin from its solution, hence the reactivity of Zn > Sn . Since, zinc and tin both displaces copper from its solution, hence, the reactivity of Zn > Sn > Cu . The decreasing order of reactivity of metal is as follows: Zn > Sn > Cu > Ag

The table shows some properties of a selection of pure metals. Metal Relative abundance in Earth's crust Cost of extraction Density Strength Melting Point ° C Electrical conductivity relative to iron Iron 2 nd low high high 1535 1 . 0 Titanium 7 th very high low high 1660 0 . 2 Aluminum 1 st high low medium 660 3 . 5 Zinc 19 th low high low 419 1 . 7 Copper 20 th low high medium 1083 6 . 0 Tin 40 th low high low 231 0 . 9 Lead 30 th low very high low 327 0 . 5 Use information from the table to answer the following question: Why is aluminium used for overhead power cables?

Aluminium has a better electrical conductivity to weight ratio as its density is low and relative electrical conductivity relative to iron is high i.e. 3 . 5 . This is why it is used for overhead power cables. It is also used for wiring power grids and in local power distribution lines as well as in the power wiring in some aeroplanes.

The table shows some properties of a selection of pure metals. Metal Relative abundance in Earth's crust Cost of extraction Density Strength Melting Point ° C Electrical conductivity relative to iron Iron 2 nd low high high 1535 1 . 0 Titanium 7 th very high low high 1660 0 . 2 Aluminum 1 st high low medium 660 3 . 5 Zinc 19 th low high low 419 1 . 7 Copper 20 th low high medium 1083 6 . 0 Tin 40 th low high low 231 0 . 9 Lead 30 th low very high low 327 0 . 5 Use information from the table to answer the following question: Why do the aluminium cables have an iron (or steel) core?

The density of aluminium is very low but that of iron (or steel) is very high. Placing iron as the core of aluminium cables, provide strength to it so that it can be drawn upto long distances and increases its durability.

Write the word equation for the reaction of caesium with water

EASY

Upper Secondary-IGCSE

IMPORTANT

Cambridge IGCSE Chemistry Workbook 4th Edition>Chapter 8 - Patterns and Properties of Metals>Exercise 8.2>Q a

Magnesium reacts very slowly indeed with cold water but it does react strongly with steam to give magnesium oxide and a gas. Write the word equation for the reaction between magnesium and steam.

MEDIUM

Upper Secondary-IGCSE

IMPORTANT

Cambridge IGCSE Chemistry Workbook 4th Edition>Chapter 8 - Patterns and Properties of Metals>Exercise 8.2>Q b

Choose one metal from the reactivity series that will not react with steam.

MEDIUM

Upper Secondary-IGCSE

IMPORTANT

Cambridge IGCSE Chemistry Workbook 4th Edition>Chapter 8 - Patterns and Properties of Metals>Exercise 8.2>Q c

Choose one metal from the reactivity series that will safely react with dilute sulphuric acid.

HARD

Upper Secondary-IGCSE

IMPORTANT

Cambridge IGCSE Chemistry Workbook 4th Edition>Chapter 8 - Patterns and Properties of Metals>Exercise 8.2>Q d

In each of the experiments below, a piece of metal is placed in a solution of a metal salt. Complete the table of observations.


At start	Colour of metal	grey	_____	silver-coloured	silver-coloured	_____
At start	Colour of solution	colourless	_____	blue	blue	colourless
At finish	Colour of metal	coated with silver coloured crystals	_____	coated with brown solid	silver-coloured	coated with silver-coloured crystals
At finish	Colour of solution	colourless	_____	colourless	blue	_____

HARD

Upper Secondary-IGCSE

IMPORTANT

Cambridge IGCSE Chemistry Workbook 4th Edition>Chapter 8 - Patterns and Properties of Metals>Exercise 8.2>Q e

In each of the experiments below, a piece of metal is placed in a solution of a metal salt. The observation table is shown below:


At start	Colour of metal	grey	grey	silver-coloured	silver-coloured	brown
At start	Colour of solution	colourless	blue	blue	blue	colourless
At finish	Colour of metal	Coated with silver coloured crystals	Coated with brown solid	Coated with brown solid	silver-coloured	Coated with silver-coloured crystals
At finish	Colour of solution	colourless	colourless	colourless	blue	blue

Use these results to place the metals copper, silver, tin and zinc in order of the reactivity (putting the most reactive metal first).

MEDIUM

Upper Secondary-IGCSE

IMPORTANT

Cambridge IGCSE Chemistry Workbook 4th Edition>Chapter 8 - Patterns and Properties of Metals>Exercise 8.3>Q f

In the metal displacement reactions, the atoms of the reactive metal lose electrons to become ions. For example:

$Zn (s) \to {Zn}^{2 +} (aq) + 2 e^{-}$

Is this reduction or oxidation?

MEDIUM

Upper Secondary-IGCSE

IMPORTANT

Cambridge IGCSE Chemistry Workbook 4th Edition>Chapter 8 - Patterns and Properties of Metals>Exercise 8.5>Q a

The table shows some properties of a selection of pure metals.

Metal	Relative abundance in Earth's crust	Cost of extraction	Density	Strength	Melting Point $(° C)$	Electrical conductivity relative to iron
Iron	$2^{nd}$	low	high	high	$1535$	$1.0$
Titanium	$7^{th}$	very high	low	high	$1660$	$0.2$
Aluminum	$1^{st}$	high	low	medium	$660$	$3.5$
Zinc	$19^{th}$	low	high	low	$419$	$1.7$
Copper	$20^{th}$	low	high	medium	$1083$	$6.0$
Tin	$40^{th}$	low	high	low	$231$	$0.9$
Lead	$30^{th}$	low	very high	low	$327$	$0.5$

Use information from the table to answer the following question:

Why is aluminium used for overhead power cables?

MEDIUM

Upper Secondary-IGCSE

IMPORTANT

Cambridge IGCSE Chemistry Workbook 4th Edition>Chapter 8 - Patterns and Properties of Metals>Exercise 8.5>Q b

The table shows some properties of a selection of pure metals.

Metal	Relative abundance in Earth's crust	Cost of extraction	Density	Strength	Melting Point $(° C)$	Electrical conductivity relative to iron
Iron	$2^{nd}$	low	high	high	$1535$	$1.0$
Titanium	$7^{th}$	very high	low	high	$1660$	$0.2$
Aluminum	$1^{st}$	high	low	medium	$660$	$3.5$
Zinc	$19^{th}$	low	high	low	$419$	$1.7$
Copper	$20^{th}$	low	high	medium	$1083$	$6.0$
Tin	$40^{th}$	low	high	low	$231$	$0.9$
Lead	$30^{th}$	low	very high	low	$327$	$0.5$

Use information from the table to answer the following question:

Why do the aluminium cables have an iron (or steel) core?

Write the word equation for the reaction of caesium with water.

Important Questions on Patterns and Properties of Metals

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