Process of Recombinant DNA Technology

Choose the option that is showing the correct sequence of events occurring in each cycle of polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

Which of the following technique is used for separating the fragments of DNA cut by restriction endonucleases?

Which of the following feature of a vector is required to identify the transformed cell?

In recombinant DNA technology, ‘molecular scissors’ are:

The source organisms that possess Taq polymerase are

An extra-chromosomal, self-replicating part of the cell that has proven to be a boon to biotechnology is:

In four separate experiments (Table), a vector $DNA pBxyz\left(6000\mathrm{bp}\right)$ and a $DNA-X \left(1500 \mathrm{bp}\right)$ fragment was digested with the indicated restriction enzymes. Both, the digested vector and $DNA-X$were purified and ligated. $Am{p}^r$ represents the ampicillin resistant gene and Ori is the origin of replication. The resultant recombinant vector was transformed into Escherichia coli cells and incubated in a liquid nutrient medium with ampicillin for $24$ hours at $37°\mathrm{C}$. Based on the restriction enzymes used for cloning, choose the correct option.

A pure culture of Escherichia coli was streaked on a plate to get single isolated colonies. The plasmid DNA from two such colonies was individually isolated. The DNA were then individually treated with $\mathrm{EcoRI}$ ( $\mathrm{P}$ and $\mathrm{Q}$ ) or double digested with $\mathrm{EcoRI} + \mathrm{HindIII}$(${\mathrm{P}}^{\text{'}}$and ${\mathrm{Q}}^{\text{'}}$). The digested DNA were electrophoresed on an agarose gel and the pattern of the linear DNA so obtained is depicted in the figure below. Patterns $\mathrm{P}$ and ${\mathrm{P}}^{\text{'}}$ are obtained for DNA from colony $1$ and are as expected for the original DNA sequence of the plasmid. The best reason for the differing pattern in ${\mathrm{Q}}^{\text{'}}$ is because the plasmid DNA from colony $2$ has a mutation

As indicated in the gel image, lanes $\mathrm{X}$ and $\mathrm{Y}$ represent samples obtained from a circular plasmid $\mathrm{DNA}$ after complete digestion using restriction enzyme $\mathrm{X}$ or $\mathrm{Y}$ with different recognition sites, respectively. How many sites for $\mathrm{X}$ and $\mathrm{Y}$ are present in the plasmid (sizes of the bands in kilo base pairs $\left(\mathrm{kb}\right)$ is shown)?

Bacterial plasmids are genetic entities that

Provided below are recognition sequences for restriction enzymes $1 \left(\mathrm{RE}1\right), 2 \left(\mathrm{RE}2\right)$ and $3 \left(\mathrm{RE}3\right).$ Arrows indicate the positions where the enzymes digest on the two strands. Which of the following can the $\mathrm{RE}1$ digested DNA ligate to?

Exonuclease is an enzyme that