Solutions of Sexual Reproduction In Flowering Plants from Intermediate First Year Botany

This topic explains the process of sexual reproduction in flowering plants. This part of botany is known as embryology. It explains the nature, structural development, and many processes related to sexual reproduction in angiosperms.

The topic elaborates on the pre-fertilisation stage to the students. With the help of graphical presentation, we will learn about stamen, microsporangium, and pollen grains. It also describes pistil, megasporangium (ovule), and embryo arc.

This topic explains to us about pollination, where transfer of pollen grains from the anther of a flower to the stigma of the same occurs. It defines the term autogamy. The agents of pollination are explained.

In this topic, we will learn that the pistil can recognise its pollen which leads to fertilisation. It explains how the process of pollen-pistil interaction takes place.It also describes artificial hybridisation.

In this topic, we will learn how pollen enters synergids and leaves male gametes into the cytoplasm. It finally results in syngamy and triple fusion, which takes place in embryosac. The process is called double fertilisation.

The topic discusses the post-fertilisation events involving the maturation of ovules into seeds and ovary into fruit. We will learn about endosperm and embryo development. The structures of dicotyledonous and monocotyledonous seeds are also explained.

In this topic, the students will learn that apomixis is a mechanism to reproduce seeds without fertilisation. It also briefs on parthenocarpy and polyembryony.