Number and Calculation

This chapter explains directed numbers. We will learn to add, subtract, multiply, and divide them. It highlights some rules to work out these operations. Various questions to apply the concepts practically are also provided.

This chapter focuses on rounding and powers of 10. We will learn to recognise the equivalent of decimals, and multiply and divide whole numbers and decimals by powers of 10. It also describes different ways of rounding off numbers.

In this chapter, students will explore fractions. They will learn how to consolidate writing a fraction in its simplest form by cancelling common factors. It also teaches mathematical operations on fractions.

This chapter deals with mental methods. It extends mental methods of calculation, working with decimals, fractions, percentages, and integers. It also encourages us to solve word problems mentally and features them for self-practice.

This chapter deals with square roots, cube roots, and their calculation. It instructs on how to estimate square roots and cube roots. We will also learn to use the order of operations, including brackets and powers.

This chapter explores indices. We will use positive, negative, and zero indices and index laws to multiply and divide positive integer powers. It also features problems involving compound interest and rate of increase or decrease.

This chapter sheds light on percentages. Problems involving percentage changes are covered here. It will also help us compare quantities using fractions and percentages.

This chapter introduces the concept of calculating with decimals. The use of the rules of arithmetic and inverse operations to simplify calculations is defined here. It also enables us to multiply and divide integers and decimals by decimals.

This chapter deals with trial and improvement. The use of systematic trial and improvement methods in finding approximate solutions to equations is discussed here. It also describes ways to expand a single bracket.

This chapter discusses ratio and proportion. It enables us to compare two ratios, interpret, and use ratios in a range of contexts. We will also learn to recognise when two quantities are directly proportional and solve problems based on that.

This chapter features compound measures. It helps us use compound measures to compare real-life contexts and situations, such as travel graphs and value for money. We will also explore drawing graphs in a real-life context.

This chapter elucidates the concept of area and volume. The problems involving the circumference and area of circles are discussed here. We will learn to calculate the lengths, surface areas, and volumes of right-angled prisms and cylinders.