Optics

In this chapter, we will study the reflection of light. It discusses the various spherical mirrors through diagrams and definitions. It covers the applications of mirrors in image formation. We will learn the mirror formula for concave mirrors.

This chapter explores the refraction of light, its laws, refractive index and its significance. We will study the refraction of light through various media and normal displacement. It also describes the total internal reflection and its applications.

The chapter covers the refraction of light at various spherical surfaces. It describes the lenses and thin lens formula. It discusses the ray diagrams by different lenses, magnification and power of lenses. It explains various combinations of lenses.

This chapter deals with the refraction through a prism and its different conditions. We will study the concept of dispersion of light through a prism. We will understand the formation of rainbow, laws and phenomena based upon the scattering of light.

This chapter explains the power of accommodations of the eye and magnifying power of optical instruments. It describes various microscopes and telescopes through diagrams. We will also study the concept of resolving power in brief.

This chapter deals with the concept of wavefront and Huygens’ wave theory in detail. It discusses the reflection and refraction by using Huygens' principle. We will study the concept of optical path and behaviour of wavelengths of light.

In this chapter, we will study the principle of superposition and interference of light waves with conditions. It covers the expressions for fringe width and wavelength. It also describes the coherent sources and conditions for sustained interference of light.

Through this chapter, we will understand the concept of diffraction of light. We will explore Fraunhofer diffraction due to single-split with the aid of diagrams. It discusses the difference between interference and diffraction of light waves.

In this chapter, we will study the polarisation of light. It describes the unpolarised, plane polarised light and Brewster’s law. It discusses the concept of polarisation by refraction and scattering. We will also study the polaroid and its uses.