Biology

This chapter focuses on the types of nutrition. We will study the importance of water, air, light and chlorophyll in photosynthesis. The mechanism of photosynthesis, nutrition in humans and diseases caused due to malnutrition are covered here.

This chapter introduces the concept of respiration in plants and animals. We will study the types of respiration based on the involvement of oxygen. It also illustrates all the cycles in detail for a better understanding.

This chapter covers the internal structure of the heart, blood vessels and circulation. It explains the cardiac cycle and types of circulation. It also highlights the lymphatic system, blood pressure, absorption, and transportation of materials.

This chapter discusses the excretory system, organs associated with it and the mechanism of urine formation. It explains micturition, composition of urine, and kidney transplantation. It covers the excretion in other organisms and plants.

This chapter introduces the concept of coordination by discussing its meaning and mechanism. Here we will know how our body coordinates with the brain and vice versa. It also mentions the organs in our body responsible for the coordination.

This chapter covers the concept of reproduction, its modes and reproductive systems. We will learn about parthenocarpy and vegetative propagation. It also discusses childbirth, cell cycle, division, reproductive health, and birth control methods.

In this chapter, we will understand the feeling of hunger. It discusses how the taste is connected to the tongue as well as the palate. It also explains the mouth as a munching machine with the help of well-labelled diagrams.

Through this chapter, we will understand the concept of heredity and evolution. It highlights the terms variations, phenotype, genotype and progeny. It also discusses the expression of traits, sex determination, Darwinism and speciation.

In this chapter, we will understand the concepts related to the environment. It describes the food web, ecological pyramids, and the effect of human activities on ecosystems. It also talks about the sparrow campaign and steps towards prevention.

This chapter highlights the concept of natural resources. It includes the case study of Wanaparthy, Vaddicherla of Jangaon districts and Kothapally villages. It discusses biodiversity, fossil fuels, minerals, forests, and their conservation.