Biology

This chapter discusses plant cells and animal cells, along with their cell organelles and functions. The diagrams of a plant and animal cells are provided here. It also explains cell wall, membrane, plastids, nucleus, vacuole and cytoplasm.

This chapter covers topics like definition and different levels of organisation, introduction to tissues, plant tissues, animal tissues, organ and organ system.

This chapter highlights the features of species and the categories of higher species. It explains the drawbacks of the old kingdom classifications—kingdom Plantae and Animalia. It also discusses the general scheme of five-kingdom classification.

This chapter covers topics like introduction to microorganisms and various groups of microorganisms, bacteria, fungi, algae, protozoa, virus, conditions for the growth of microorganisms, along with how to avoid infection and spoilage of food.

The chapter covers topics like nutrition and types of nutrition, components and classification of food, balanced diet and amount of food to be eaten, food fads, introduction to nutrition in plants, photosynthesis, and nutrient requirements of plants.

This chapter covers topics like teeth, human digestive system, ingestion and digestion, and absorption.

This chapter covers topics like introduction to respiration and its types, respiration in humans, respiratory organs of some other animals, respiration in plants, and transpiration in plants.

This chapter covers topics like introduction to human nervous system and some important terms related to it, central nervous system, peripheral nervous system, neuron, nerves, and reflex action.

This chapter covers topics like excretion and excretory products, accessory excretory organs, human excretory system, common disorders of the urinary system, urine formation and composition of urine, dialysis, osmoregulation, and excretion in plants.

This chapter covers topics like introduction to movement and locomotion, locomotion in microorganisms, locomotion in various animals, movement in human beings, and movement in plants.

This chapter covers topics like introduction to allergy, allergens: types and entry routes, types and symptoms of allergies, and prevention of allergies.