Biology

This chapter deals with various aspects of crop production and management. To provide food for a large population, regular production, proper management and distribution is necessary.

This chapter explores microorganisms, their types, commercial and medicinal benefits to human beings. It also discusses the harmful microorganisms and their effects, food preservation techniques, nitrogen fixation and nitrogen cycle.

This chapter discusses the conservation of plants and animals. It explains the causes and effects of deforestation, biosphere reserve, endemic species, wildlife sanctuary and national park. It also explains the need for migration.

The chapter describes the structure of the cell and its functions. It also focuses on the discovery of the cell along with its various parts. Furthermore, a note on cell membrane is provided here, including the animal and plant cell.

Reproduction is essential for the continuation of a species. This chapter explains the different modes of reproduction in plants and animals, difference between viviparous and oviparous animals and male and female reproductive organs.

In this chapter, you will learn the changes of human body after which a person becomes capable of reproduction. It discusses the adolescence and puberty, the role of hormones in initiating reproductive function and reproductive phases of human life.

This chapter discusses the harmful changes taking place in our surroundings and their effects on our lives. It explains air and water pollution, greenhouse effect, global warming, portable water and the preventive measures of air and water pollution.