Geography

This chapter encourages us to browse through our environment. It enables us to identify the components of the environment. It also introduces us to the interrelationship between living organisms and the environment.

This chapter deals with the interior of the earth. It helps us explore and learn about the interior of the earth and its constituents. It describes the internal structure of the earth along with suitable diagrams.

This chapter outlines the idea of our changing earth. It elaborates on the changes taking place in some parts of the earth as the evolution of the landforms of the earth. It includes endogenic forces and exogenic forces.

This chapter elaborates on the concepts of atmosphere, weather, and climate. It sheds light on the importance, composition, and structure of the atmosphere. It also gives a brief account of weather and climate in the atmosphere.

This chapter highlights the hydrosphere, oceans, and their circulation. It describes the hydrological cycle, the salinity, movement, and temperature of the oceans. Oceans of the world and major ocean currents are demonstrated through a map.

This chapter focuses on natural vegetation and wildlife. We discover the characteristics and specialities of different types of natural vegetation. We understand how these areas serve as a diverse ecosystem.

The chapter explains the human environment concerning settlement. It allows us to observe our environment closely and discover its components and qualities. It highlights the classification of settlements as temporary, permanent, rural, and urban.

The chapter talks about the human environment concerning transport and communication. It discusses the growth of the social and commercial relationships between different countries due to the advancement of modern transport and communication systems.

This chapter highlights life in the natural regions. It explores some of the natural regions of the world. It makes us understand how a man in different parts of the world has adapted to different conditions of life.

This chapter provides knowledge of life in the temperate grasslands - the prairies and the velds. It enables us to browse through natural vegetation, wildlife, climate, people, and the lifestyle of prairies and velds.

This chapter provides knowledge about life in the desert. It elaborates on the climate, natural vegetation, wildlife, people, and changing landscape of cold deserts like Ladakh and hot deserts like Sahara.