Ray Optics and Optical Instruments

In this topic, we will learn about the concept of reflection and refraction of light while passing through lens and prisms in detail.

This topic explains reflection through plane and spherical surfaces. It also explains the cartesian sign convention.

This topic explains the refraction of rays from plane surfaces. The angle of incidence and angle of refraction are also explained here.

This topic deals with the concept of total internal reflection and critical angle. Total internal reflection in nature and its technological applications are also explained here.

In this topic, we will learn the concepts and formulas related to the refraction at spherical surfaces and refraction by lenses. Several examples and practice exercises are provided for a better understanding of the concepts.

This topic deals with the concept of refraction through a prism. It explains how to derive a formula to calculate the angle of deviation of light through a prism and plot a graph for the same. The concept is explained clearly in a step-by-step manner.

In this topic, we will learn about the deviation and dispersion of light by a prism. Different types of prisms to bend rays or to invert image without changing its size are also highlighted here.

In this topic, rainbow as a phenomena of sunlight is explained. Reasons behind its formation and unique angles of lights that are formed during rainbow are explained here in detail.

This topic explains the process of scattering of light as a phenomena of sunlight. With the help of pictures, we will learn the reasons behind the scattering of light.

In this topic, we will learn about the optical instruments in detail with examples and diagrams. We will also learn the concepts and formulas related to the microscope and telescope.