Chemistry

This chapter discusses the significance of chemical symbols and express the chemical formula for compounds. We will learn how to write a chemical equation and balance it. It also explains how to calculate the percentage composition of an element.

This chapter discusses the conditions necessary for chemical changes and types of chemical changes. We will also learn in detail the classification of chemical reactions on the basis of energy changes.

In this chapter, we will learn about the importance of water for humans, plants, and animals. We will study the uses of water for a variety of purposes. We will also understand the need for saving water.

In this chapter, we will learn about atoms and its structure. It briefs on various atomic models and their limitations. It discusses the distribution of electrons in different orbits. We will also learn about different atomic species.

This chapter explores Mendeleev’s periodic table and its limitations. It describes atomic number as the basis for modern periodic law. We will learn about the trends in the modern periodic table. It also discusses the study of some specific groups.

This chapter covers topics like position of hydrogen in the periodic table, properties of hydrogen, preparation of hydrogen, tests and uses of hydrogen, as well as oxidation and reduction.

This chapter sheds light on the kinetic molecular theory of gases and their measurable properties. Various gas laws are also discussed here through diagrams and examples. It also briefs on ideal gas and absolute zero.

In this chapter, we will learn about acid rain, global warming and their causes and prevention. It explains the causes and effects of depletion of the ozone layer. We will also learn about the origin and health impact of some major pollutants.

This chapter covers topics like identification of gases, action of heat on given substances, action of dilute sulphuric acid to given substance, flame test, experiment based on hard and soft water, and water pollution.